Kungani Inkundla Yezemidlalo Yensimbi Ixazulula Izinhlungu Zekhanda Ezinkulu Kunazo Zonke?

Abstract:A yesimanjeInkundla yesakhiwo sensimbiakulona nje “uphahla olukhulu ezinsikeni.” Kuyisu lokwakha elisiza abanikazi nabathuthukisi balawule ubungozi beshejuli, behlise isisindo sesakhiwo, bafinyelele izikhala ezicacile ezinde, futhi bagcine ukunwetshwa okuzayo kungokoqobo. Lesi sihloko sihlukanisa izindawo ezivame kakhulu zobuhlungu benkundla—ukubambezeleka, ukumangala kwezindleko, ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi, ingcindezi yokuphepha nokuhambisana, izindawo zezibukeli ezingakhululekile, nokugcinwa isikhathi eside—futhi sibonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwensimbi lwesakhiwo lubhekana kanjani nakho ngokulungiselela kusengaphambili, imininingwane yemodular, kanye nomhlangano wesayithi obikezelwayo. Uzothola nohlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo lokuhlela, ithebula lokuqhathanisa lezinketho zesakhiwo, kanye ne-FAQ ebhalelwe abantu abadinga izimpendulo ngokushesha.

Uhlaka lwe-athikili

• Yini evamise ukungahambi kahle ezinhlelweni zenkundla nokuthi kungani kubiza kangaka
• Indlela isistimu yesakhiwo sensimbi ethuthukisa ngayo isivinini, ukuphepha, nokubikezela
• Izinqumo ezibalulekile zedizayini ezithinta ukunethezeka, ama-acoustics, nokusebenza
• Abashayeli bezindleko ungakwazi ukuthonya kusenesikhathi
• Uhlu lokuhlola lokuthenga lokunciphisa ama-oda oshintsho
• I-FAQ yabanikazi, amaqembu e-EPC, nabaxhumanisi

Okuqukethwe

• 1) Izinhlungu zangempela zamaphrojekthi wenkundla
• 2) Kungani isakhiwo sensimbi siyimpendulo eqinile yenkundla
• 3) Izinketho zesistimu eziyinhloko ezinquma ukusebenza
• 4) Izindleko kanye nesimiso: yini ongayilawula kusenesikhathi
• 5) Uhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokusayina inkontileka
• 6) Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
• 7) Imicabango yokuvala

1) Amaphuzu Obuhlungu Bangempela Bemiklamo Yenkundla

Amaphrojekthi enkundla abukeka ekhanga ekunikezelweni kwawo, kodwa empilweni yangempela asengozini enkulu: ububanzi obubanzi, ukuthwala ophahleni olusindayo, ukubekezelelana okuqinile, izidingo zokuphepha zomphakathi, nezinsuku zokuvula ezinolaka ezingakwazi ukushelela ngenxa yamashejuli weligi noma umnqamulajuqu kahulumeni. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ngokuvamile ziwela ezigabeni ezimbalwa:

• Ingcindezi yeshejuli enezindawo eziningi zokusebenzelana:izitsha zokuhlala, uphahla lwe-canopy, i-MEP, izibani, izikrini, i-facade, nezinhlelo zokugeleza kwesixuku konke kushayisana. Uma iphakethe elilodwa lifika sekwephuzile, yonke into engezansi komfula iyahlupheka.
• Izimo zesayithi ezingalindelekile:isimo sezulu, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, indawo yesiteji, nokutholakala kwabasebenzi basendaweni kungashintsha umsebenzi “olula” ube ukubambezeleka kwansuku zonke.
• Shintsha ama-oda abangelwa ukuxhumanisa sekwephuzile:uma insimbi, ukuvala, amanzi, kanye nokungena kwe-MEP kungaxazululwanga kusenesikhathi, ukusebenza kabusha kuba okumisiwe.
• Izinkinga zokunethezeka kwababukeli:ukubenyezela, ukungena kwemvula, ama-acoustics, umoya omncane, nemigqa yokubona akukona okokuhlobisa—kuthinta imali engenayo nesithunzi.
• Izimanga zokusebenza nokunakekelwa:ukuvikela ukugqwala, ukufinyelela ophahleni, imininingwane yokukhipha amanzi, kanye nokuchayeka kokuxhumana kunquma ukuthi i-OPEX yakho ihlala inengqondo noma iba yikhanda elibuhlungu unomphela.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuthobela nokuphepha:ukulayishwa kwezixuku, ukuzamazama komhlaba/ukusabela komoya, isu lomlilo, ukuphuma, kanye namazinga okufinyeleleka kufanele kuhlonishwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuhle.

Uma ithimba lakho lephrojekthi libhekene nezimbili noma ngaphezulu zalezi zinkinga kakade, uhlelo lwesakhiwo luba ngaphezu kokukhetha konjiniyela—luba yithuluzi lokulawula ubungozi.

2) Kungani Ukwakheka Kwensimbi Kuyimpendulo Yenkundla Eqinile

A Inkundla yesakhiwo sensimbiidumile ngesizathu: insimbi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma udinga izikhala ezinde, ukumisa ngokushesha, kanye nekhwalithi elawulwayo. Uma iklanywe futhi yakhiwe ngendlela efanele, isusa ingxenye enkulu yokungaqiniseki isuke endaweni yomsebenzi ibe inqubo yefekthri ephindaphindwayo.

Lokho abanikazi namaqembu e-EPC akuthandayo ngensimbi kumaphrojekthi wenkundla:

• Ukusheshisa okwenziwe ngaphambilini:amalungu amakhulu angenziwa, ahlolwe, futhi ahlanganiswe ngaphambi kokufika esizeni. Umsebenzi wasendaweni uba ukuphakamisa, ukubhawula, nokuqondanisa—ukuhweba okumanzi okumbalwa, ukumiswa kwesimo sezulu okumbalwa.
• Ama-span amade anamakholomu ambalwa:izithiyo ezimbalwa zisho imigqa yokubona engcono kanye nezakhiwo ze-concourse ezivumelana nezimo.
• Isisindo sesakhiwo esiphansi:izakhiwo ezinkulu ezilula zinganciphisa izidingo zesisekelo, okubalulekile uma izimo zenhlabathi ziyinselele noma izinqwaba zibiza.
• Amasu okumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nomoya:amasistimu ensimbi angachazwa ngokuningiliziwe mayelana ne-ductility kanye nokuchithwa kwamandla, ngezindlela ezicacile zomthwalo kanye nokuziphatha okubikezelwe.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo zokunwetshwa kwesikhathi esizayo:ama-modular bays, uxhumo oluboshiwe, namandla okugodla okuhleliwe kwenza izengezo zakamuva zingaphazamisi.

Ukuhlola iqiniso okukodwa okubalulekile:insimbi ayikuqedi ngomlingo ubunkimbinkimbi. Kwenza kube lula ukuphatha ubunkimbinkimbi—uma iphrojekthi itshala imali ekuxhumaniseni kusenesikhathi (imidwebo yasezitolo, ukuxazululwa kokushayisana kwe-BIM, imininingwane yokuxhumana, nokulandelanisa). Yilapho abahlinzeki abanolwazi benza khona umehluko omkhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo,I-I-I-Qingdao Eihe Steel Structure Group Co., Ltd.isekela izixazululo zenkundla ngokugxila ekunembeni kokwakhiwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okujwayelekile, kanye nokuxhumana okuqondanisa idizayini yesakhiwo nokuvala, ukugeleza kwamanzi ophahleni, nokulandelana kokufakwa—izindawo ezivame ukubangela ukubambezeleka uma zibhekwa njengokucatshangelwa kamuva.

3) Izinketho Eziyinhloko Zesistimu Ezinquma Ukusebenza

Uma abantu bethi “inkundla yensimbi,” bangasho izinhlelo ezihluke kakhulu. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu uvela ekufaniseni umqondo wesakhiwo nesimo sakho sokusebenzisa: ibhola lezinyawo, ezokugijima, imicimbi yezinhloso eziningi, izindawo zokuqeqesha, noma izinkundla zomphakathi.

A) Isu lophahla kanye ne-canopy

• I-I-Cantilevered canopy:ithuthukisa imigqa yokubona futhi ivikele izibukeli ngaphandle kwamakholomu, kodwa idinga ukulawula ukuchezuka ngokucophelela kanye nomklamo wokuxhumana.
• Amasistimu ophahleni lwe-truss:kuhle kuma-spans amakhulu; ingahlanganisa izinsimbi zokukhanyisa, izikrini, ama-catwalks, nokufinyelela kokulungisa uma kuhlelwe kusenesikhathi.
• Uhlaka lwesikhala noma amasistimu egridi:i-geometry eqinile nokusabalalisa umthwalo; evame ukusetshenziselwa ubujamo obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesakhiwo sodumo.

B) Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitsha sokuhlala

• Imishayo ye-raker yensimbi namafreyimu:ingabhangqwa namayunithi okuhlala a-precast ngesivinini.
• Izindlela ezihlanganisiwe:isitsha sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe + uphahla lwensimbi luvamile; ilinganisa ubukhulu bokulawula ukudlidliza kanye nezinzuzo ze-span yensimbi.

C) Imvilophu, isu lokudonsa amanzi, kanye nokugqwala

• I-Roof drainage inemininingwane:izigodi, ama-gutters, namapayipi aphansi kufanele ahlanganiswe ne-geometry yensimbi. Ukwakhiwa okungekuhle kwe-drainage kuba yizindleko zokulungisa unomphela.
• Ukuvikela ukugqwala:amasistimu wokumboza, ukwenza uthayela lapho kufanele khona, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana (ukugwema izingibe zamanzi) kubaluleke njengokulinganisa kwamalungu.
• Ukulawula okushisayo nokufiphala:ukwahlukanisa, izithiyo zomhwamuko, kanye nokukhipha umoya kuthinta ukunethezeka nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.

D) Induduzo nesipiliyoni

• I-Acoustic:ukuma kophahla kanye nezindawo zangaphakathi kuthonya umsindo wesixuku, izimemezelo, nomoya womcimbi.
• Ukukhanya kwemini nokuxhopha:i-canopy angle, ukuvuleka kwe-facade, nezinto zokufulela kunganciphisa ukuxhopha kubadlali nababukeli.
• Isu lokungenisa umoya:izinkundla ezivulekile zithembele ekugelezeni komoya; izindawo ezivalekile kancane zingadinga usizo lwemishini ezindaweni ezibalulekile.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lezinketho zesakhiwo

4) Izindleko Neshejuli: Ongakwazi Ukulawula Kusenesikhathi

Isabelomali senkundla akuvamile “ukushaywa” ngephutha elilodwa elikhulu. Ngokuvamile zigugulwa inqwaba yezinqumo ezincane, ezingagwemeka ezenziwe sekwephuze kakhulu. Nawa ama-levers okuqala abaluleke kakhulu:

• Friza i-geometry ngokushesha:ukugoba kophahla, amagridi ekholomu, kanye nokwakhiwa kwedrayivu yokubeka isikhala se-raker nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kokuvala. Izinguquko ezincane zejometri sekwephuzile zingaphindaphindeka zibe ukusebenza kabusha okukhulu.
• Nquma ifilosofi yakho yokuxhumana kusenesikhathi:i-bolted vs. eshiselwe esizeni ithinta umsebenzi, ukuphepha, isikhathi sokuhlolwa, kanye nengozi yesimo sezulu. Amaphrojekthi amaningi enkundla akhetha umsebenzi wesayithi osindayo ukuze ukwazi ukubikezela.
• Uhlelo lokuphakamisa nokubeka isiteji:ukukhethwa kwe-crane, ukukhetha izisindo, imikhawulo yezokuthutha, nezindawo zokugcina kufanele kube nomthelela ekutheni insimbi ihlukaniswa kanjani.
• Hlanganisa ukungena kwe-MEP ngaphambili:ukukhanyisa, izipikha, izifafazi, okokukhipha intuthu, namathreyi ekhebula kudinga izindawo ezigodliwe kanye nezikhala ezichaziwe.
• Khetha okokugcina okufana nesimo sezulu sakho:izindawo ezisogwini, ezinomswakama ophezulu, noma iqhwa elisindayo zidinga ukumbozwa okuthile, ukugeleza kwamanzi, kanye nezinqumo ezinemininingwane.
• Yakha ukufinyelela kokulungisa kumklamo:ama-catwalks, ama-anchor points, nezindlela zokuhlola eziphephile kunciphisa ubungozi nezindleko zesikhathi eside.

Umthetho owusizo:uma okuthile kuzoba nzima ukushintsha ngemva kokuvula (ukuvikela amanzi ophahleni, ukuvikelwa kokugqwala, ukuxhumana okukhulu), kuphathe "njengendawo yekhwalithi engaxoxiswana" ngesikhathi sokuklama nokwakhiwa.

5) Uhlu Lokuhlola Olusebenzayo Ngaphambi Kokusayina Inkontileka

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumnikazi, usonkontileka ojwayelekile, noma umxhumanisi, lolu hlu lokuhlola lusiza ekunciphiseni ukungaqondakali—umthombo oyinhloko wezingxabano nokushintsha imiyalo.

• Ukucaca kobubanzi:Ingabe uthenga uhlaka lwensimbi kuphela, noma ama-roof purlins, insimbi yesibili, izitebhisi, ama-handrails, izisekelo ze-facade, kanye nomklamo wokuxhuma?
• Isibopho sokuklama:Ubani ongumnikazi wezibalo zesakhiwo, imidwebo yezitolo, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana? Kulawulwa kanjani ukubuyekezwa?
• Uhlelo lwekhwalithi:Yikuphi ukuhlola okwenzekayo ekwenziweni (ukulandeleka kwempahla, izinqubo zokushisela, ukuhlola ubukhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokunamathela)?
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwesilingo:Ingabe izinsimbi zophahla eziyinhloko noma amanodi ayinkimbinkimbi azohlanganiswa kusengaphambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa?
• Ukupakisha nezokuthutha:Amalungu avikelwa kanjani emonakalweni we-coating, umswakama, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezinto zokuhamba?
• Usekelo lokufaka:Ingabe umphakeli uyanikeza isiqondiso sokumiswa, iziphakamiso zokulandelanisa, kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe esizeni uma kudingeka?
• Amadokhumenti:Ingabe izitifiketi zokugaya, imibiko yokumboza, kanye nemibhalo eyakhiwe ifakiwe?
• Izinto zobungozi zichaziwe:Ukubambezeleka kwesimo sezulu, ukufinyelela kwe-crane, izingqinamba zesayithi, nokubekezelela isixhumi esibonakalayo kufanele kuxoxwe ngakho ngokusobala.

Amaqembu aphatha lezi zinto ngokungathi sína avame ukubona izimanga ezimbalwa. Amaqembu abaphatha “njengenkinga yomunye umuntu” ngokuvamile ayikhokhela kamuva.

6) Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q: Inkundla yeSteel Structure Stadium ivamise ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukumiswa?
A:Ubude besikhathi sokumiswa buncike kubude besikhathi, ubunkimbinkimbi bophahla, ukuhlelwa kwesayithi, nokuthi yimalini eyakhiwe ngaphambili. Iphakheji yensimbi ehlelwe kahle inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sendawo ngoba ukwakhiwa kwenzeka ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi wesisekelo, futhi ukufakwa kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuhlanganiseni.

Umbuzo: Ingabe inkundla yensimbi izoba nomsindo noma ingakhululeki esimweni sezulu esibi?
A:Ukunethezeka kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukumbozwa kophahla, isu lokuvaleka, ukungena komoya, nokukhetha kwempahla—hhayi insimbi ngokwayo. Nge-geometry yophahla olufanele, ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukufakwa kwe-insulation lapho kudingeka, kanye nomklamo ocatshangelwe we-facade, izinkundla zensimbi zingenza kahle kakhulu emoyeni, emvuleni, nasekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa.

Q: Ingabe insimbi iphephile ezixukwini ezinkulu kanye nemithwalo enamandla?
A:Yebo, uma yakhelwe kumazinga asebenzayo futhi inemininingwane efanele. Idizayini yenkundla ibangela ukulayishwa kwesixuku, ukudlidliza, ukuphakanyiswa komoya, izimfuno zokuzamazama komhlaba (lapho kufanele khona), kanye nokukhathala ekuxhumekeni okubalulekile. Isihluthulelo yindlela ecacile yomthwalo kanye nokwakhiwa/ukuhlola okunezici.

Q: Kuthiwani ngokusebenza komlilo kwezakhiwo zensimbi?
A:Isu lomlilo livame ukubhekwana nalo kusetshenziswa izembozo ezivikelayo, izindawo ezivalekile ezilinganiselwe umlilo lapho kudingeka khona, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nedizayini yokuphepha kwempilo yezinga lesistimu. Indlela eqondile ihluka ngokwemithetho yendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, ngakho kufanele kuhlanganiswe kusenesikhathi.

Umbuzo: Sikugwema kanjani ukugqwala futhi sinciphise izindleko zokunakekela?
A:Qala ngendawo ezungezile: umoya wasogwini, ukungcoliswa kwezimboni, noma umswakama onzima kudinga ukuvikeleka okuqinile. Hlanganisa isistimu yokumboza efanelekile enemininingwane egwema izingibe zamanzi, uqinisekise ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele, futhi uvumele ukufinyelela kokuhlola. Ukunakekela kuyalawuleka uma kuhlelwa, hhayi ukuthuthukiswa.

Umbuzo: Singakwazi ukunweba inkundla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokuyivala?
A:Ukunwetshwa kungenzeka kakhulu uma yakhelwe kugridi yesakhiwo sokuqala: izindawo zokuxhuma ezigodliwe, amatheku amamojula, nesu lokuphahla elinganwetshwa ngezigaba. Uhlelo lokunweba olunesiteji lunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula uma luhlelwe kusenesikhathi.

7) Ukuvala Imicabango

Inkundla iyisithembiso somphakathi: idinga ukuvulwa ngesikhathi, isebenze ngokuphepha, ikhululeke, futhi ihlale isesimweni iminyaka. AInkundla yesakhiwo sensimbiindlela ikusiza ukuthi uguqule leso sithembiso sibe icebo elilawulekayo—ngokushintsha umsebenzi omningi uwenze izinto ezingabikezelwa, unike amandla ubude obunezithiyo ezimbalwa, nokugcina izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo zingokoqobo.

Uma uhlela indawo entsha noma uthuthukisa ekhona, kufanelekile ukusebenza nethimba eliqonda kokubili ubunjiniyela kanye namaqiniso angokoqobo okukhiqiza, ezokuthutha, nokufaka.I-I-I-Qingdao Eihe Steel Structure Group Co., Ltd.isekela amaphrojekthi enkundla ngokucabanga okuhlanganisiwe kukho konke ukuhlanganiswa kwedizayini, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokwenziwa, nokuhlelwa kokulethwa—ukuze unciphise izimanga futhi usuke emcabangweni uye osukwini lokuvula ngokuzethemba okwengeziwe.

Ingabe usukulungele ukuxoxa ngemigomo yenkundla yakho, umugqa wesikhathi, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali?Yabelana ngezidingo zakho eziyisisekelo futhi ake sikhiphe isixazululo sensimbi esifanelana nezimo zesayithi lakho kanye nemigomo yokusebenza—Xhumana nathi ukuqala ingxoxo.